Digestive System: Nutrition

Definition: Is the provision, to cells and organisms, of the materials necessary (in

the form of

food) to support life.

Types of nutrition:

• Carbohydrates: They constitute a large part of foods such as rice, noodles, bread, and other grain-based products. Carbohydrates are not essential nutrient but are typically an important part of the human diet.

• Fats: The major kinds of fats in the foods we eat are saturated. Saturated fats and trans fats raise blood cholesterol. A high level of cholesterol in the blood is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease.

• Protein: They also form the enzymes that control chemical reactions throughout the body. Each molecule is composed of amino acids, which are characterized by inclusion of nitrogen and sometimessulphur .The body requires amino acids to produce new proteins and to replace damaged proteins.

• Water: Normally, about 20 percent of water intake comes in food, while the rest comes from drinking water and assorted beverages . Water is excreted from the body in multiple forms; including urine , sweating, and by water vapor in the exhaled breath.

• Vitamins: Certain vitamin-like compounds that are recommended in the diet, such as carnitine, are thought useful for survival and health, but these are not "essential" dietary nutrients because the human body has some capacity to produce them from other compounds.
• Minerals: The term "mineral" is archaic, since the intent is to describe simply the less common elements in the diet. On the other hand, minerals are often artificially added to the diet as supplements. the most famous is likely iodine in iodized salt.

• Pyramid Food:
• 
• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ea7LtEZOYk

Substances in the Endocrine System

There are many substances that contribute or alter this system.

One of these disruptors would be the -->

Endocrine Disruptor. This disruptor is an exogenous substance that alters certain functions in the endocrine system. It also gives health side effects into intact organisms.


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Non-persistent Chemicals. These substances are moved from their environment because of biological systems. In this case, the system was the endocrine system.

Digestive diseases

Digestive diseases






• It is when our body doesn’t tolerate the lactose.
• It is caused by deficiency in the enzyme lactase.
• Its main symptoms are Diarrhea, Flatulence and Excess gas or burping.
• Did you know that about 90% of Asian adults are lactose intolerant?





• It is when stool is blocked from progressing down the digestive tract.
• Some causes can be Hernias, Cancer, Impacted feces, Swallowed objects, etc.
• Some symptoms are abdominal pain, Vomiting, Indigestion, Bad breath, urge to have bowel movement, etc.
 




• It is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
• Some causes are because the ingestion of alcoholic beverages, Autoimmune disorders and immune response to other diseases.
• Its main symptoms are Upset stomach, Blood in stool and Pain or burning sensation in the stomach

Ciculatory system

circulatory system Parts

Arteries:

Are the ones than send the oxygened

blood from the hearth to all the parts of the body

Veins: Are the ones than conduct the blood from the capilaries to the hearth.

Capilaries: are the samllest of the blood vessels and are partt of the microocirculation.

Substances that damage the circulatory and repiratory system:

Nicotine: one of the most damaging substances to the respiratory and circulatory system is the nicotine. Nicotine is one of the substances that smokers get from cigarettes. Smokers need some amount of nicotine, daily, to feel normal and to control their mood. And, when they continue smoking, they need more and more nicotine, so each time they consume more. Basically what nicotine does is to make you consume it more each time you smoke. Also, it hardens your arteries, which make you increase your level of bad cholesterol.
Tar: It contains cancer-causing substances. Tar is brown and stains teeth, fingernails and lungs tissue.
Carbon monoxide: What carbon monoxide cause is that less oxigen reaches the brain, heart, mussels and other organs.
Hidrogen cyanide: the lungs clean themselfs with little hairs. this stops the lungs clearence system from working properly.

Free radicals: They react with cholesterol, and make easier to build-up the artery walls.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeM744Z2V4A&feature=related

Digestive System Substances

In the Process of digestion Substances are in food are break down and are used for energy growth and repair. The digestive system depends on the action of small substances called enzymes that are responsible for all the chemical reactions that happen trough the digestive process.

The process of digestion begins in the mouth, were food being chewed by teeth and the salivary glands start a secretion of the enzyme ptyalin. This enzyme starts breaking some of the carbohydrates into smaller molecules.

Food then travels through the oesophagus and down into the stomach. Here the mixture of chemicals such as Hydrocrolic acid, mucus and the enzyme pepsin is mixed with them. Ptyalin stops working but a series of chemicals reaction begins.

The hormone gastrin stimulates the stomach cells to release the hydrochloric acid and pepsisn after food is in the stomach. Mucus secretion prevents the stomach from becoming damaged by acid that is released from the hydrochloric acid and other enzymes. That is why when acidity reaches a certain level the gastrin production stops.

When food leaving the stomach, an acid liquid called chyme enters to the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. The duodenum makes and releases large quantities of mucus, again to protect it from being damage.

The duodenum has other functions. It receives large quantities of digestive juices from the pancreas, and considerable quantities of bile which after been stored in the gallbladder it becomes more powerful and increases it potency on breaking down lipids.

Excretory System (Substances)

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Substances

Carbon Dioxide :

The main substance excreted from our body by the lungs. Waste product of cellular respiration.

Urea :

Product of the filtration of the blood. Filtered by the kidneys and excreted by the Urinary System.

Water :

Used to regulate the skin temperature and as a medium to excrete other substances

Salt :

Excreted in the sweat to regulate skin temperature.

Iron :

This is excreted by our intestine, this is the substance that makes feces look brownish. The iron is from the dead red blood cells excreted.


This substances are the main and most important because the total would be incalculable. Just with urine we got arround 15 different substances. This were the main or at least the ones I thought we see most commonly.

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