Excretory system- Wastes

Those wastes are basically the extra fluids that are not useful, because the urpose of the excretory system is to regulate those and just keep the exact amount of water, salts, and nutrients.

However, the wastes produced by it may depend on which medium are they crossing, for example through skin we got sweat, or from the kidneys we got urine which is liquid, or from lungs we got carbon dioxide which is a gas. And obviously the solid waste is feces.

So excretory system is important in regulating fluids in the body and excreting out of the body in form of wastes because they are not useful.

Excretory system- organs

What is it, the excretory system?
The excretory system is the union of various organs and glands that help to eliminate the waste from our bodies. The main role of the excretory system is to filter out cellular wastes, toxins and excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system.

Organs:
Kidneys: The waste is carried by the renal artery to the kidneys, which is responsible for creating the urine, with the help of the Nephron. To reach the kidneys that are the organs which subtracted waste, we need a process known as nutrition, which allows to acquire energy.
Lungs: The nutrients will go directly to blood, which carries the exchange gaseous through the lungs.

After creating the urine, blood in good condition is compressed in the Nephron on top, which carry blood in good condition through the renal vein back to the heart and lungs to pick up oxygen.

Ureters: 2 ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Urinary Bladder: The urinary bladder temporarily stores urine until it is released from the body.

Urethra : The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The outer end of the urethra is controlled by a circular muscle called a sphincter.

Endocrine System - Diseases

Diseases happen in the endocrine system when our bodies have too much or too little of ANY hormone. This can be really dangerous.
Some diseases are:
- Type one diabetes: Is the condition in which the pancreas doesn’t produce enough of insulin (a hormone that helps the body convert sugars and starches into energy). This is a video of Type One Diabetes.
- Adrenal insuffiency: Happens when the adrenal glands do not produce ENOUGH corticosteroids.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: When women have PCOS they produced androgens in higher amounts. This leds to hormone imbalance and interferes with ovulation and normal egg development.
- Menopause: A woman in mid-life has began to drop their levels of estrogen. The reproductive organs gradually shut down. Women notice that their periods become lighter, farther apart and then eventually, they end.

Endocrine system --- organs

The endocrine system is the one that controls all the hormones that are produced and exported through all the body for the properly function of the different organs. All its parts are set to create different hormones for different jobs; we will call these parts like glands.

The pituitary gland is the organ in charge of segregating all the important hormones that have different effects in the body. It is called the ‘master’ gland because all the glands depend on its stimulations.

The thyroid gland has the function of controling the body's metabolism and produce hormones that help to control the heart tempo, the growing of the bones and the muscles and for the electrical impulses that are carry out by the nervous system. It also affectes the mood and the memory.

The parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid and their job is to regulate the calcium label in the body for the properly function of the nervous and muscular system.

The adrenal glands are orange-colored glands which are found in top of both kidneys. They are responsible for producing epinephrine and norepinephrine which is adrenaline. They also produce other hormones that are necessary for fluid and salt balance in the body.

The pancreas is located in the upper abdomen and its the one in charge of secrete insulin and other hormones necessary for the orderly cellular storage.

The reproductive glands
The testes they are suspended within a sac of skin called the scrotum. They have two main functions: formation, development and excretion of sperm and segregation of testosterone.
The ovaries are the female genitals which function is to produce eggs and the female hormone, estrogen.

The nervous system :
Subtances :
the subtances that's affect the nervous system is the alcohole , because with that subtance make that your body and your brain being to stay lost and make that only acts without thinking and that's make that the person do bad things that's why the alcohole is a bad subtance for the nervous system.
A good subtance is the coffe , because it stiumulates the nervous system .

excretory system diseases

(This is most of why i talk)
Excretory system diseases

Diseases and disorders

diseases and disordersthat affect the excretory system include goat kidney failure and urinary tract infections

Kideny failure: occurs trough the body loss of kidney functions, when the kidney failsthere is no filtering of the blood wuich leads the build up of waste into the body, kidney failure is tratedwhit renal dyalisis to filter waste out of the blood this is a temporaly fix for the condition a kideny transplant is the only cure for this



Gout: is a disorder in which the body builds up excesss amount of uric acid as the kidney are unable to porcess it properly, this disorder causes joint pain and kidney stones and is trated with specail diets



Urinary tract infections: are caused by bacteria that enter to the uretraand the bladder ,urinary tract infectios are mor common in women than men, this is beliaved to be due to the proximity from the females uretra from the anus, and is trated with antibiotics to remove the infection.


(URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS)

The lungs

I had to explain the main functions of the lungs. There were many interesting things I found out about lungs doing this assignment. First of all, the lungs are part of the respiratory system and their main function is to help us breath. Now first, the air comes in through the mouth or nose, goes down through the trachea, and this tube is then split into two, one of these tubes goes into one lung while the other goes through the other one, then these two tubes are split into smaller tubes and then into small air sacs where the air is carried to the rest of the body. In the air sacs, oxygen switches places with carbon dioxide, this is called GAS EXCHANGE. I also talked about some of the diseases which were, Emphysema, Pulmonary Embolism, Tuberculosis, and Bronchitis. I also talked about Asthma, in the bronchus, the muscles around the tubes tighten and makes it harder to breath, this causes coughing and lack of air.