Excretory System (Substances)

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Substances

Carbon Dioxide :

The main substance excreted from our body by the lungs. Waste product of cellular respiration.

Urea :

Product of the filtration of the blood. Filtered by the kidneys and excreted by the Urinary System.

Water :

Used to regulate the skin temperature and as a medium to excrete other substances

Salt :

Excreted in the sweat to regulate skin temperature.

Iron :

This is excreted by our intestine, this is the substance that makes feces look brownish. The iron is from the dead red blood cells excreted.


This substances are the main and most important because the total would be incalculable. Just with urine we got arround 15 different substances. This were the main or at least the ones I thought we see most commonly.

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Digestive System-Organs BY Maria Fernanda Vargas

Important Organs

Mouth:Inlet opening of the
digestive trac. Inside is the teeth
and the tongue.

Esophagous: Tube that carries

food to the stomach.

Stomach:widenign of the digestive

tract. It holds two litres

Samall Intestine: (6m long)
Tube bending on itself. It is
divided into duedenum, jejunum
and ileum.

Large intestine: (1,5 m long)

last part of the digestive tract. It is
divided into cecum, colon and
rectum.

Excretory System: Wastes - Solid

Defecation:

- The digestive system removes feces, the solid undigested wastes of digestion, by a process called defecation.

-Is the final act of digestion by wich organism eliminate solids.


Diferences of Defecation and Excretion:

-Defecation is the final act of digestion by which organisms eliminate solid.

-Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism.


Don´t forget:
- The skin also acts as an organ of excretion by removing water and small amounts of urea and salts.
Defecation also can be called elimination.

Hormones in the Endocrine System

Even though we may not realize their importance, the glands of the endocrine system influence almost every cell that is in our bodies. The Endocrine System is made up of glands. The glands are the essential part of this system because they are the ones who secrete hormones. Hormones are basically chemicals released by a cell in one part of the body to send the message to any other part of our organism. They regulate the body's:

. Mood
. Growth & Development
. Tissue Function
. Sexual Function
. Reproductive Processes

This system is in charge of slow processes like cell growth while the Nervous System is in charge of immediate and faster ones like breathing and moving. Even though they are both separate systems, they often work together to help the body function properly.

Hormones are released into the bloodstream and may affect one or several organs throughout the body. The word hormone means to 'excite' or 'spur on' and that's exactly what they do. They transfer information from one set of cells to another to coordinate the functions of different parts of the body.

Nervious System-Diseases

When the brain is healthy it functions quickly and automatically, that means that the brain is the control center of the body. It controls thoughts, memory, speech and movement, and It regulates the function of many organs.



But when it doesn´t work correctly, it is because something is causing some damage to the brain. If we want to be aware of what things can cause damage to the brain, we first need to know that types of diseases can attack the brain.

These are the types of brain diseases:

 Neurogenetic diseases: These are diseases that are inherited.
 Degenerative diseases of adult life: These diseases are mostly neurogenetic diseases. These diseases are found in old people. These diseases affect the balance, movement, talking, breathing and heart function, of the person. Alzheimer disease is a clear example of degenerative diseases.
 Metabolic diseases: These diseases affect the way the brain functions.
 Cerebrovascular diseases: These diseases are caused by problems of the blood vessels supplying the brain.
 Trauma: It occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. Some examples of these traumas can be: when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue.
 Infectious diseases: These diseases are: Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, Prion and Viral diseases.
 Brain tumors: A tumor is any mass caused by abnormal or uncontrolled growth of cells, in this case the tumor affects the brain.

Here there is a very interesting video about the Alzheimer diseases: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Wv9jrk-gXc

Endocrine system- organs. ANNA PAULA CORONADO MALDONADO

There are nine organs in the endocrine system. The organs are:

Hypothalamus: it is located in the brain and controls water balance, sleep, temperature, appetite, and blood pressure.

Pineal Body: it is also located in the brain and produces the hormone melatonin

Pituitary: it is located at the base of the brain. It controls many functions of the other endocrine glands.

Thyroid and parathyroid: both are located in front of the neck. They help the body’s calcium balance.

Thymus: it is located in the upper part of the chest and produces T-lymphocytes.

Adrenal glands: they are located on top of both kidneys. They work with hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

Pancreas: it is located behind the stomach. It plays a role in digestion and also as a hormone production.

Ovary: it is located on both sides of the uterus. It produces estrogen and progesterone.

Testes: They produce testosterone and sperm.

Organs in the digestive system

Mouth:Teeth are used to chew food,and mix it with saliva ,then this food is send to the oesophagus.
Salivary Glands :saliva contains enzyme amylase to break down carbohydrates.
The Oesophagus :It transport food from the mouth to the stomach
The Stomach : Makes a milky mixture called chyme by breaking food into small pieces and mixing it with stomach juices.
The Liver:The liver produces bile to neutralise stomach acids in the intestine ,it also clears the blood of wastes.
The Gallbladder :It stores the bile that is need in the liver and when the liver need it is released into the small intestine.
The Pancreas :the Pancreas produces enzymes called amylase,lipase and protease ,they help to break down starch and fats.
The Small Intestine : Most of the food is digested by the small intestine using some enzymes from the pancreas and bile.
The Large Intestine :It removes excess of water and salts from waste materials and make poo or faeces.
The Rectum: Stores the faeces before they leave the body.
The Anus: Holds the poo until you go to the toilet.